In class review

Thank you Nicole for sending me the in-class notes! Here it is for all to enjoy!

Philosophy Exam Review (Long paper)
 
Question 1. New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common”
Theories, appropriate vocabulary and philosophers, explain the validity of Locke's words (metaphysics/epistemology)
 
Idealism- that says reality consists of ideas in the minds of people who create their own reality, the idea of a person is right in their own mind, and anything that opposes it would be wrong and therefore rejected
Seen in Religion, mainly Christians, values for example sins, some people have different views on what a
sin is and what it isn't and what should be and shouldn't be.
 
St. Aquinas would back up this theory as a Christian philosopher who wrote the five proof of God
How do we know that these ideas are reality right in the first place?
 
Question 2. “We make wars so that we may live in peace” ( metaphysics)
            Explaining the essence of being human with that quote.
 
Cosmological; everything comes from something else, for something to get peace, you must sacrifice some peace. You need the opposite side of the spectrum to know what good and bad. Continuum...
 
Free will-ism; free to live in peace, give a little get a lot, give up something to gave something
 
Narrative theory; actions of war have better outcome then peace.
 
Question 3. Are there some things that human can never know?
 
Rationalism; Descartes, Doubt
 
Empiricism; Locke; you experience to know, and because you can't experience everything therefore you can’t know everything.
 
Brain in a Vat; we can't know anything because we don’t know
 
Matrix; reality vs perception, You see what is in front of you but you don't know if it is really there
 
Question 4
 
What moral obligations do parents have to their children? Point of view of at least two other schools of
ethical thought.
 
Consequentialism refers to those moral theories which hold that the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment on that action. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome, or consequence, basically, "the ends justify the means". A parent's moral obligation to their children is to craft them into a competent individual who has an equal opportunity in life compared to everyone else. Thus, if the kid's upbringing will have a negative effect on their development, from a consequentialist's standpoint, it would be morally wrong. 

 

Deontological ethics is the approach to [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics ]ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. Opposite to consequentialism, deontologists believe that the character of the decision matters more than the consequence. Therefore if they believed that having children was a morally correct thing then they would not care about whether or not you

 
Question 5. Invasion of the Body-snatchers (Ethics)
 
Thomas Malthus; population control.
The five deadly ill people are bringing down society, because they are not contributing anything thing to society, nature be allowed to take its course and the people should just die! (Peacefully as it is
there right...though Malthus would not care)
 
Kant; Do whatever the moral agent says, Meaning it is not up to the doctor to make this decision it is
up to the pizza guy, and he has the liberty to decided what he felt was morally right to him.